Background/Aims: There are many arguments that H. pylori is a protective factor or a risk factor for GERD. Some authors reported a high incidence of reflux esophagitis in patients after H. pylori eradication therapy. We evaluated the effects of H. pylori eradication therapy on development of reflux esophagitis and compared the period to develop reflux esophagitis according to the results of H. pylori eradication. Methods: A total of 122 patients with endoscopically documented peptic ulcer received an 1 or 2 weeks of triple therapy. Esophageal findings were investigated endoscopically before entry, 6 to 24 months after cessation of therapy. H. pylori status was evaluated by Giemsa stain, CLO test, and culture at each examination. Results: The patients were classified into cured and ongoing infection group. Endoscopic findings of 122 patients were compared before and after the triple therapy. In 70 cured patients group, 4(5.7%) developed reflux esophagitis. In 52 ongoing infection group, 3(5.8%) of these developed reflux esophagitis. There was no difference in the incidence of reflux esophagitis between cured and ongoing infection groups(P=0.192). In ongoing infection group, reflux esophagitis was developed within 1 year in 1 patient, 1 to 2 years in 1 patient and after 2 years in 1 patients(mean: 22 months). In cured patients group, within 1 to 2 years in 1 patient and after 2 years in 3 patients (mean: 30.5 months). Conclusions: H. pylori eradication in patients with peptic ulcer disease is not associated with increment of reflux esophagitis. (Korean J Helicobacter Res Prac 2002;2:61-64)